Elastic-fluid multistage disk-wheel turbine



April 17, 1928.

F. LSEL.

ELASTIC FLUID MULTISTAGE DISK WHEEL TURBNE Original Filed Aus. 14, 1923 INVENTOR L y, g. f

ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 17, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

nmz wenn or nam, eznonosnovam i nasale-FLUID xunrrsraen msx-wimax. Tenants.

riglnal application med Augult 14, 1923, Serial No. 657,375, and in Austria February 88, 1923. Divided and this application med March 9, 1925. Serial Ho. 14,022.

This invention relates to elastic-Huid multi-stage disk-wheel turbines of the type which has separate carriers for the 1aphragms arranged within an outer casin. s

his application is a division of my co-pen ing application, Serial No. 657,375, filed August 14, 1923.

Arrangements have alread been proosed in which the guide-bla in s are not irectly connected to the casing, ut to one or more carriers which are mounted within the casin and are surrounded on all sides by the fluid. The devices of this kind heretofore used, however, have various disadvantages, particularly when high-gressure and highly superheated steam is use It is an object of this invention to overcome these disadvantages and to improve and simplify the construction; to improve the reliability; and to reduce the manufacturin costs of such turbines.

Accor ing to this invention, the guidebladin is combined in one or more groups, each o the groups comprising a number of pressure-stages, built into one carrler, which 1s fitted steam-tight into the casing, the support for each separate group of diaphragms being formed, according to one construction, by one of the diaphra s itself, which is fitted into the casing so t at it makes a fluidtight joint and carries other diaphragms of the group; and, according to another embodiment, the diaphragms are connected fluid-tight with the carriers by means of se arate milled blades or nozzles.

he nature of this invention and its advantages will be better understood by reference to the drawing, which will now be described; it being premised, however, that changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings show two different embodiments of the invention applied to a high-pressure turbine, the figures representmg longitudinal ections through the upper half of the tur- Referring at first to Fig. 1, it is shown that the annular diaphragm a forms the carrier for the other diaphragme a, and that the carrier portion for the diaphragms a is mounted within the outer casing g of the turbine by means of an annular projection, bos or rib z, which closely fits in a fluid-tight manner, with its side walls, into an annular groove f, formed -in the inner wall of the casing, preferably between two annular projections f. There is a radial clearance between the outer circumference of the boss or rib z and thev corresponding circumference of the cylindrical surface of the groove .9. The diaphragms a of each group are ixed to the head or annular carner portion of the diaphragm a b means of bolts h. and nuts or such like, wiiich are preferably sunk into corresponding cavities or recesses. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1, two of such units, each comprlsing a group of three diaphragms, are arranged with a clearancespace between them. The clearance-space communicates with an annular recess in the inner wall of the outer cylinder formed by the adjoining annular projections f. e designates the nozzles or uide passages in the partitions or guide dis al. These nozzles e are located between the inner portion of the partitions a, and the outer carrier portion having the projection ea desi nates the nozzles or guide passages in t e partitions a.

In the modied embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2 the diaphragm a. is connected by means of the nozzles e with an axially divided carrier, int which the other dia hragms are fitted so as to make a fluid-tig t joint.

Also in the modification of Fig. 2 the diaphragme a, are connected with the axially div.ded carrier by means of the milled blades e placed next to one another, thus enabling guiding nozzles to be reduced which will act in an accurate an reliable manner.

The pressures of the driving uid acting in the spaces or fluid chambers between the carriers and outer casing are represented in the drawing b p, p and p2, and it is evident that the iiiiid or steam surroundin the outside of the diaphragm carriers wit its pressures p and p act to counter-balance the interior pressure and also a very unform distribution oi the heat is secured within said carriers, so that deleterious iniuences of the heat and ressure are cbviated, the high ressure i'erences being thereby removed rom the diaphragms and carriers and the stresses and strains within the carriers due to heat and temperature changes being kept away from the turbine casing. Thereby, also, a very close fluidtight fit of the diaphragms in the diaphragm carriers, and a close lit of the diaphra m carriers within the casing, are securec and leakages prevented, although provision is made for all expansion due to heat. Hence, the arr-an ement,according to the invention, is especialy suitable for turbines operating with highly superheated steam under hi h steam pressure Each separate set of iaphragms carried by its carrier member forms a distinct partition in the turbine and the working Huid is forced to flow through the nozzles of the set and not around the same. The diaphragms carried by the carrier body form partitions within said carrier groups for the stages of said groups.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments shown in the drawings as above described are only illustrative, and that they do not restrict the invention to these embodiments. For example, instead of two carriers, any number of carriers may be arranged within the outer casing, and each carrier may contain more 0r less than three diaphragms; or, instead of making one of the axially divided diaphragms part of the carrier, the diaphragms including their nozzles may be carried in any suitable manner by the carriers.

Claims:

l. ln an elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, an outer casing having an annular groove in an inwardly projecting annular part, diaphra ms inc uding nozzles and spaced inwardly rom the outer casing, at least one inner cylindrical casing or carrier connected with said diaphragms and having annular projection to fit into said groove in the outer casing and form a fluid tight connection and providing at each side of the connection clearance spaces between the inner casin and the outer casing.

2. In an elastic luid multi-stage diskwheel turbine, uide disks, separate carriers for the guide isks, each carrier containing a group of disks, one of which is formed integral with its carrier, while the other guide disks form separate pieces connected with said carrier, and an outer casing, the connection between the carrier and the outert casing being made by a boss or rib outside of the carrier, and a corresponding groove in the inner wall of the outer casing, a. clearance-space being provided between the outer circumference of said rib and the cylindrical face of said groove, but said connection being fluid tight.

3. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type comprising anouter casing, diaphragms arranged in sets and includin nozzles or guide passages, and carriers or said sets of diaphra ms mounted in said outer casing in a duid tight and LOGBJBB radially adjustable manner and so positioned and shaped as to provide separate fluid chambers between the outer casing and the carriers and clearance spaces between successive sets of diaphragms, said carriers and the corresponding .groups of da.

phragms, forming partitions in the turbine, the diaphragms in each oup forming partitions in the group, sai groups being free at both ends.

4. An elastic-fluid-turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, comprising an outer casing, guide disks grouped in sets, inner carriers for said sets of guide disks, each carrier being integral with one of the guide disks of the correspondin set and mounted in said outer casing in a uid tight manner, and so shaped and positioned as to provide spaces between the outer casing and the carriers and between the carrier-sets, adapted for receiving elastic fluid from the entrance side and outlet side of cach carrierset, to cause said elastic-fluid to surround the carriers and associated guide disks.

5. An elastic Huid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type comprising an outer casing, guide disks grouped in sets and carriers for said sets of guide disks, mounted in said outer casing in a Huid tight manner, and so positioned and shaped as to provide spaces between the outer casing and the carriers and between the carrier-sets adapted for receiving elastic-fluid from the entrance side and outlet side of each carrier-set to cause said elastic fluid to surround the carriers and associated guide disks, each carrier mounted in the outer casing being formed integral with one of the guide disks of euch set which is oonnected in a steam-tight manner with the other guide disks in each set.

6. A high pressure elastic fluid multistage disk wheel turbine having a separate carrier member for the diaphragms carrying the guide nozzles disposed within and supporte from the turbine Casin member, one of said members being provi ed with a connecting groove and the other being provided with a corresponding connecting rib which forms the supporting connections for the carrier, a clearance s ace being provided between the rib and t e bottom of said groove to provide for relative radial movement between the two members, said carrier forming with the turbine casing a steam chamber about its high ressure end which is in communication wit the steam at the entrance side of the guide nozzles and said roove-rib supporting connection forming a arrier to the steam in the chamber.

7. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, comprising an outer caslng, ide-disks including guide nozzles for the uid flow grouped in sets, and radially adjustable carrying means for said sets of guide-disks mounted in said outer casin in a Huid-tight manner and so positions shaped and connected with the guide-disks as to rovide spaces between the outer casing and tie carrying means and between suc guide-disk sets adapted for receiving elastic Huid from the entrance side and outlet side of adjacent guide-disk sets to cause said elastic fluid to substantially surround the carrying means and associated guide-disks, and said nozzles, which provide the guideassages in the guide-disks, being located between said carrying means mounted in the outer casing and the inner portions of the guide-disks.

8. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wlieel type, comprising an outer casing, guide-disks grouped in sets, and radially adjustable carrying means for said sets of guide-disks mounted in said outer casing in steam-tight manner and so positioned, shaped and connected with the guide-disks, as to provide spaces between the outer casin and the carrying means and between the guide-disk sets adapted for receiving an elastic-Huid from the entrance side and the outlet side of each guide-disk set to cause said elastic fluid to substantially surround the carrying means and associated guide-disks having nozzles therearoiind which provide the guide-passages between the guide-disks and the carr in means.

9. In an e astio-Huid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel t pe, an outer casing, and

" a set of guidingisks exposed on all sides to the pressure of elastic tluid and including one ding-disk mounted in the casing in a fluid-tight manner and providing supporting means for the other guide-disks land spaced from the inner surface of the easing.

10. In a multistage turbine of the diskwheel type, an outer casing, a set of guiding disks exposed on all sides to the pressure of the elastic fluid and including one guidin disk mounted in the casing in a fluid-ti t manner and providin supporting means or the other guiding dis ts, and separate blades assembled in rows to form the guide-passages at the peripheries of guide-disks and serving as connections between the supporting guiding-disk and the other disks.

11. In an elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, an outer casing, an element including a diaphragm, nozzles and an outer carrier portion connected with the outer casing, and other diaphragms and corresponding nozzles supported by said carrier portion.

12. In an elastic fluid turbine, an outer casing, a diaphragm including nozzles and an outer carrier portion connected with the outer casing and serving as a partition in said turbine, and other diaphragnis and corresponding nozzles supported by said carrier portion.

13. In an elastic uid turbine, an outer casing, a set of diaphragms, one of said diaphragms being connected with the outer casing and forming therein a partition carrying the other diaphra ms of said set.

14. In an elastic ui turbine, an outer casing and a set of diaphragme, one of said diaphragme carried by the outer casing and forming a partition having a fluid-tight connection with said outer easing and the other diafphragms of said set being s aced from sai outer casing, carried by said partition andh forming fluid-tight connections therewit 15. In an elastic Huid turbine, an outer casing, an element including a diaphragm and nozzles formin a partition in said outer casin z and a plura ity of other diaphragms inclu ing nozzles having a fluid-tight connection with said element and forming therewith a separate independent dia hragm set enclosed by said outer casing but s aced therefrom to form iluid chambers t erearound.

16. In an elastic fluid turbine, an outer casing, an element including a diaphragm and nozzles forming a partition in said outer casing, a plurality of other diaphragms including nozzles carried by said element and forming with the same a. separate independent diaphragm grou enclosed by said outer casing but spaced tierefrom to form fiuid chambers tlierearound, and a fluid-tight connection with a radial clearance between said element and outer casing.

17. In an elastic fiuid turbine, an outer casing, a diaphragm including nozzles and an outer portion connecting with the outer casing and serving as a partition in said turbine and as a carrier for other diaphragms and corresponding nozzles, and other diaphragms carried by said element form partitions within said element.

18. An elastic-fluid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type comprising an outer casing, guide-disks or diaphragms including nozzles and arranged in groups-with one diaphraglm of each group serving as a carrier for t e other diaphragms of such oups, provision being made of iiuid cham ers or s aces between the outer casing and the diap ragm grou s and between such groups to receive elastic uid in the turbine, said groups being independent of each other and forming partitions in the turbine and the diaphragme of said groups forming partitions within said roup.

19. In an elastic fluid multi-stage diskwheel turbine, nido-disks, separate carriers for the guide-disks, each carrier containing a grou of disks, one of which is formed inte ra with the carrier, while the other gui e-disks form separate pieces connected with said carrier, and an outer casing, said carrier being connected with the outer casin by means of abuttin surfaces in a fluidtigit manner but rovision being made at the connection to a low radial expansion of the carrier. 20. In an elastic {iuid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, a diaphragm connected with an outer casing, forming a. partition for a group of stages, carrying a plurality of diaphragms including nozzles for said stages and forming therewith a se arate rotor enclosing diaplira m-group, sai diahragm group being su jected to different fluid pressures at the entrance and leaving side thereof corres onding to the diferent fluid pressures at tie entrance and leaving side of said diaphragm group.

21. In an elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type, an outer casing, and an element including a partition, nozzles and an outer portion connecting with said outer casing but spaced therefrom. said element serving as a carrier for a plurality of partitions including nozzles for a plurality of stages and forming with said element a separate rotor enclosing diaphragm group which is subjected to different pressures at the entrance and leaving side thereof corresponding to the dilerent fluid pressures at the entrance and leaving side of said diaphragm group. 22. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type comprising a main casing, at least one high 1pressure disk wheel disposed at the inlet en of the casing, a group of disk wheels of smaller diameter immediatelyT following but spaced from said first named wheel, a. corresponding group of stationary guide disks for said group of disk Lacanau wheels, and a radially movable carrier for said guide disks suported within the main casing and spaced t erefrom to form therebetween a steam chamber communicating with one side of said high ressure wheel.

23. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type comprising a main casing, at least one high pressure disk wheel disposed at the inlet end of the casing, a

oup of disk Wheels of smaller diameter immediately following but spaced from said first named wheel, a corresponding group of stationary guide disks for said group of disk wheels, and a radially movable carrier for said guide disks supported within the main casing and spaced therefrom to form therebetween a steam chamber communicating with said h' h pressure wheel, the first stationary guica disk of said group forming with the high pressure wheel a steam chamber communicating with the chamber surrounding the carrier.

24. A turbine of the character set forth in claim 22 wherein the high pressure wheel has a diameter approximating the diameter of the separate carrierfor the group of diaphragms.

25. A turbine of the character set forth in claim 22 wherein the cylindrical carrier for the diaphragms is supported from the main casingr by a fluid tight connection intermediate its ends and is spaced from the main casing so as to form steam chambers surrounding the carrier on the opposite sides of said connection.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

FRANZ LSEL.

Certicatc of Correction.

Patent No'. 1,666,625.

Granted April 17, 1928, to

l FRANZ LSEL. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the abovenumbered patent requiring correction as follows: Pa e 1, line 79, strike out the letter and insert instead z. e"; and that the said Letters Patent should ,be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oiice.

Signed and sealed this th day of May, A. D.' 1928.

M. J. MOORE, Acting Uommz'saoner of Patents.-

in by means of abuttin surfaces in a fluidtigit manner but rovision being made at the connection to a low radial expansion of the carrier. 20. In an elastic {iuid turbine of the multistage disk-wheel type, a diaphragm connected with an outer casing, forming a. partition for a group of stages, carrying a plurality of diaphragms including nozzles for said stages and forming therewith a se arate rotor enclosing diaplira m-group, sai diahragm group being su jected to different fluid pressures at the entrance and leaving side thereof corres onding to the diferent fluid pressures at tie entrance and leaving side of said diaphragm group.

21. In an elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type, an outer casing, and an element including a partition, nozzles and an outer portion connecting with said outer casing but spaced therefrom. said element serving as a carrier for a plurality of partitions including nozzles for a plurality of stages and forming with said element a separate rotor enclosing diaphragm group which is subjected to different pressures at the entrance and leaving side thereof corresponding to the dilerent fluid pressures at the entrance and leaving side of said diaphragm group. 22. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type comprising a main casing, at least one high 1pressure disk wheel disposed at the inlet en of the casing, a group of disk wheels of smaller diameter immediatelyT following but spaced from said first named wheel, a. corresponding group of stationary guide disks for said group of disk Lacanau wheels, and a radially movable carrier for said guide disks suported within the main casing and spaced t erefrom to form therebetween a steam chamber communicating with one side of said high ressure wheel.

23. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disk wheel type comprising a main casing, at least one high pressure disk wheel disposed at the inlet end of the casing, a

oup of disk Wheels of smaller diameter immediately following but spaced from said first named wheel, a corresponding group of stationary guide disks for said group of disk wheels, and a radially movable carrier for said guide disks supported within the main casing and spaced therefrom to form therebetween a steam chamber communicating with said h' h pressure wheel, the first stationary guica disk of said group forming with the high pressure wheel a steam chamber communicating with the chamber surrounding the carrier.

24. A turbine of the character set forth in claim 22 wherein the high pressure wheel has a diameter approximating the diameter of the separate carrierfor the group of diaphragms.

25. A turbine of the character set forth in claim 22 wherein the cylindrical carrier for the diaphragms is supported from the main casingr by a fluid tight connection intermediate its ends and is spaced from the main casing so as to form steam chambers surrounding the carrier on the opposite sides of said connection.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

FRANZ LSEL.

Certicatc of Correction.

Patent No'. 1,666,625.

Granted April 17, 1928, to

l FRANZ LSEL. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the abovenumbered patent requiring correction as follows: Pa e 1, line 79, strike out the letter and insert instead z. e"; and that the said Letters Patent should ,be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oiice.

Signed and sealed this th day of May, A. D.' 1928.

M. J. MOORE, Acting Uommz'saoner of Patents.- 

